<h3><strong>Overview of Myocardial Infarction (MI)</strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400; padding-left: 30px;">Sudden restriction of blood supply to a portion of the heart causing ischemia and death to the muscle tissue</span></p>
<h3><strong>Nursing Points</strong></h3>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">General</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Myocardial infarction literally translates into “heart muscle death” and is the result of a complete loss of blood flow, or perfusion to the heart.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Oxygen supply can’t meet oxygen demand </span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Is often caused by atherosclerotic plaque breaking off of the vessel wall and causing acute loss of blood flow through the coronaries.</span></li>
</ol>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">Nursing Assessment</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chest pain</span>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Burning, squeezing, crushing, etc</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Radiation of pain</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Shortness of breath</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Irregular heart rate</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Altered Vital Signs:</span>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hypertension vs Hypotension (shock)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tachycardia</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Abnormal EKG</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Low O2 Saturation</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Altered Labs:</span>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Troponins!</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lipid profile</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CBC/BMP</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">Myocardial Infarction Therapeutic Management</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Medications</span>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Prevent platelet aggregation and reduce viscosity of blood</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aspirin and IV heparin</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vasodilatory Agents</span>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nitroglycerin, Morphine</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Time is Tissue: PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) should be performed within 90 minutes</span>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">To cath lab to attempt coronary artery stenting to restore blood flow</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting)</span>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In both emergent or non-emergent situations if PCI is unsuccessful</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">High-dose statin</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Beta-blockers/ACE-inhibitors</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vital Sign and Lab Monitoring</span></li>
</ol>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">Nursing Concepts</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Perfusion</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Oxygenation</span></li>
</ol>
<h3><strong>Patient Education for Myocardial Infarction</strong></h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diet/Exercise</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smoking Cessation</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Taking new medications as prescribed</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Follow up</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; width: 100%;background:white;border-radius:4px;padding:20px">
    <center>
        <span>Want to learn more?<br>View a suggested lesson</span><h4 style="margin: 10px;"><a href="https://cleveroad.wpengine.com/lesson/04-01-myocardial-infarction-mi-case-study-45-min/" style="text-decoration:none;">Myocardial Infarction (MI) Case Study (45 min)</a></h4><h4 style="margin: 10px;"><a href="https://cleveroad.wpengine.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-myocardial-infarction-mi/" style="text-decoration:none;">Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myocardial Infarction (MI)</a></h4></center>
  </div>
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Med-Surg | Cardiac

myocardial-infarction-mi

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)

<h6><strong>Pathophysiology: An ischemic stroke is when there is a loss of blood circulating to an area of the brain. This can occur because blood flow is blocked by a blood clot.<br />
</strong><strong><br />
Overview</strong></h6>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400; padding-left: 30px;">Lack of blood flow to brain tissue caused by blood clot in cerebral vessels.</span></p>
<h3><strong>Nursing Points</strong></h3>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">General</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pathophysiology</span>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Blood clot in vessel in brain</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">No flow past clot</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">87% of all strokes</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Not immediately seen on CT scan (24 hours)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">MRI for better view</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Risk Factors</span>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hypertension</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diabetes</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Obesity</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Atherosclerosis</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cardiac Dysrhythmias</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Oral Contraceptives</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Substance Abuse</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Presentation dependent on location of clot</span>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Basal</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pontine</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">MCA</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">See Stroke Assessment Lesson</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>


Med-Surg | Neuro

04-03-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-ischemic-stroke-cva

04.03 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Ischemic Stroke (CVA)

**NextGen Practice and Understanding

myocardial-infarction-mi-nextgen

Myocardial Infarction (MI) [NextGen]

<p>The Pharmacology Course is a one-stop-shop for all things medication related! We’ll talk you through how to be successful in pharmacology and how to be safe when administering meds. We break down the most common and most important medication classes into easy-to-understand sections. We even walk you through how to conquer the often intimidating med math and drug calculations! When you finish this course you’ll be able to confidently and safely administer medications to your patients!</p>


<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Understanding Pharmacology essentials is such an important component in nursing school as medication management is critical in caring for a patient!  </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although pharmacology sometimes feels overwhelming….don’t worry, our pharmacology course provides you with videos, audio, handouts, and pharmacology study guides to meet all learning styles! </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Start with Module 1 and work your way through the course. When you are studying a specific medication go directly to the mp3 for that med. If you are covering a class of medications, watch the lecture over that class. Soon, as you work through the modules you will find that pharmacology is becoming second nature.  </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">With each lecture you are provided material for download, by downloading the information you will be able to study at any time and on any device.  Feel free to stop a lecture without worry as each lecture and video will pick up right where you left off!  Don’t forget to take a look at the freebies which are mentioned throughout the course in the last module!</span></p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Key Pharmacology Lessons in This Course</span></h2>
<h3><a href="https://nursing.com/lesson/pharm-01-01-12-points-to-answering-pharmacology-questions/"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-size: 18pt;">Lesson 01.01, 12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions</span></a></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As the nursing student you will be provided the framework to answer any NCLEX question thrown at you!  By knowing these twelve points, regardless if you know the medication, patient, or question, you will be able to answer the question with confidence! </span></p>
<h3><a href="https://nursing.com/lesson/pharm-01-02-54-common-medication-prefixes-and-suffixes/"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-size: 18pt;">Lesson 01.02– 54 Common Medications Prefixes and Suffixes</span></a></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">By learning the 54 Common Medications Prefixes and Suffixes in lesson 01.02, you will save yourself a ton of time and headaches when it comes to nursing pharmacology as a busy nursing student!  Being able to work through prefixes and suffixes you will be able to identify a medication class, understand what it is given for, and also the contraindications.</span></p>
<h3><a href="https://nursing.com/lesson/pharm-01-04-essential-nclex-meds-by-class/"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-size: 18pt;">01.04- Essential NCLEX Meds by Class</span></a></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In lesson 01.04, Essential NCLEX Meds by Class, you will be provided an overview of pharmacology questions, side effects of medications, among other things that commonly appear on the NCLEX. A strong understanding of medication classes will help you in every pharm related question you&#8217;re presented with both in nursing school and as a nurse.</span></p>


Jon Haws

Tarang Patel

Nichole Weaver

Miriam Wahrman

Kara Tarr

Nacole Riccaboni

pharm-00-01-course-introduction

00.01 Pharmacology Course Introduction

0 – Pharmacology Course Introduction

pharm-01-01-12-points-to-answering-pharmacology-questions

01.01 12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions

pharm-01-02-54-common-medication-prefixes-and-suffixes

01.02 54 Common Medication Prefixes and Suffixes

pharm-01-03-therapeutic-drug-levels

01.03 Therapeutic Drug Levels (Digoxin, Lithium, Theophylline, Phenytoin)

pharm-01-04-essential-nclex-meds-by-class

01.04 Essential NCLEX Meds by Class

pharm-01-05-6-rights-of-medication-administration

01.05 6 Rights of Medication Administration

pharm-01-06-pharmacodynamics

01.06 Pharmacodynamics

pharm-01-07-pharmacokinetics

01.07 Pharmacokinetics

01-08-the-sock-method-overview

01.08 The SOCK Method – Overview

01-09-the-sock-method-s

01.09 The SOCK Method – S

01-10-the-sock-method-o

01.10 The SOCK Method – O

01-11-the-sock-method-c

01.11 The SOCK Method – C

01-12-the-sock-method-k

01.12 The SOCK Method – K

1 – NCLEX Must Knows

pharm-02-01-basics-of-calculations

02.01 Basics of Calculations

dimensional-analysis

Dimensional Analysis Nursing (dosage calculations/med math)

pharm-02-03-oral-medications

02.03 Oral Medications

pharm-02-04-injectable-medications

02.04 Injectable Medications

pharm-02-05-iv-infusions

02.05 IV Infusions (Solutions)

pharm-02-06-complex-calculations

02.06 Complex Calculations (dosage calculations/med math)

02-07-interactive-pharmacology-practice

02.07 Interactive Pharmacology Practice

02-08-interactive-practice-drip-calculations

02.08 Interactive Practice Drip Calculations

02-09-pediatric-dosage-calculations

02.09 Pediatric Dosage Calculations

2 – Math for Meds

pharm-05-01-disease-specific-medications

03.01 Disease Specific Medications

3 – Disease Specific Medications

antianxiety-meds

04.01 Antianxiety Meds

03-08-benzodiazepines

04.02 Benzodiazepines

drug-alprazolam-xanax

Alprazolam (Xanax) Nursing Considerations

drug-lorazepam-ativan

Lorazepam (Ativan) Nursing Considerations

drug-midazolam-versed

Midazolam (Versed) Nursing Considerations

drug-diazepam-valium

Diazepam (Valium) Nursing Considerations

drug-buspirone-buspar

Buspirone (Buspar) Nursing Considerations

mh-03-03-antianxiety-meds

03.03 Antianxiety Meds

4 – Antianxiety Agents

05-01-acls-advanced-cardiac-life-support-drugs

05.01 ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs

drug-amiodarone-pacerone

Amiodarone (Pacerone) Nursing Considerations

drug-adenosine-adenocard

Adenosine (Adenocard) Nursing Considerations

drug-procainamide-pronestyl

Procainamide (Pronestyl) Nursing Considerations

5 – Antiarrhythmics

06-01-anti-platelet-aggregate

06.01 Anti-Platelet Aggregate

drug-clopidogrel-plavix

Clopidogrel (Plavix) Nursing Considerations

drug-warfarin-coumadin

Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing Considerations

drug-enoxaparin-lovenox

Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Nursing Considerations

drug-heparin-hep-lock

Heparin (Hep-Lock) Nursing Considerations

06-08-thrombolytics

06.08 Thrombolytics

drug-alteplase-tpa-activase

Alteplase (tPA, Activase) Nursing Considerations

drug-streptokinase-streptase

Streptokinase (Streptase) Nursing Considerations

6 – Anticoagulants & Thrombolytics

07-01-anticonvulsants

07.01 Anticonvulsants

drug-carbamazepine-tegretol

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Nursing Considerations

drug-divalproex-depakote

Divalproex (Depakote) Nursing Considerations

drug-gabapentin-neurontin

Gabapentin (Neurontin) Nursing Considerations

drug-lamotrigine-lamictal

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Nursing Considerations

drug-levetiracetam-keppra

Levetiracetam (Keppra) Nursing Considerations

drug-phenytoin-dilantin

Phenytoin (Dilantin) Nursing Considerations

7 – Anticonvulsants

antidepressants

08.01 Antidepressants

drug-bupropion-wellbutrin

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Nursing Considerations

03-20-maois

08.03 MAOIs

drug-selegiline-eldepyrl

Selegiline (Eldepyrl) Nursing Considerations

03-26-ssris

08.05 SSRIs

drug-escitalopram-lexapro

Escitalopram (Lexapro) Nursing Considerations

drug-fluoxetine-prozac

Fluoxetine (Prozac) Nursing Considerations

drug-paroxetine-paxil

Paroxetine (Paxil) Nursing Considerations

drug-sertraline-zoloft

Sertraline (Zoloft) Nursing Considerations

03-27-tcas

08.10 TCAs

drug-amitriptyline-elavil

Amitriptyline (Elavil) Nursing Considerations

8 – Antidepressants

09-01-antidiabetic-agents

09.01 Antidiabetic Agents

drug-glipizide-glucotrol

Glipizide (Glucotrol) Nursing Considerations

03-18-insulin

09.04 Insulin

drug-insulin-rapid-acting-novolog-humalog

Insulin – Rapid Acting (Novolog, Humalog) Nursing Considerations

drug-insulin-short-acting-regular

Insulin – Short Acting (Regular) Nursing Considerations

drug-insulin-intermediate-acting-nph

Insulin – Intermediate Acting (NPH) Nursing Considerations

drug-insulin-mixtures-70-30

09.08 Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)

drug-insulin-long-acting-lantus

Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations

9 – Antidiabetic Agents

03-14-histamine-1-receptor-blockers

10.01 Histamine 1 Receptor Blockers

drug-diphenhydramine-benadryl

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Nursing Considerations

drug-promethazine-phenergan

Promethazine (Phenergan) Nursing Considerations

03-15-histamine-2-receptor-blockers

10.04 Histamine 2 Receptor Blockers

drug-cimetidine-tagamet

Cimetidine (Tagamet) Nursing Considerations

drug-famotidine-pepcid

Famotidine (Pepcid) Nursing Considerations

drug-ranitidine-zantac

Ranitidine (Zantac) Nursing Considerations

10 – Antihistamines

pharm-03-01-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system

11.01 Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

11-02-sympatholytics-alpha-beta-blockers

11.02 Sympatholytics (Alpha & Beta Blockers)

drug-atenolol-tenormin

Atenolol (Tenormin) Nursing Considerations

drug-metoprolol-toprol-xl

Metoprolol (Toprol XL) Nursing Considerations

drug-propranolol-inderal

Propranolol (Inderal) Nursing Considerations

pharm-03-02-ace-inhibitors

11.06 ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitors

drug-captopril-capoten

Captopril (Capoten) Nursing Considerations

drug-enalapril-vasotec

Enalapril (Vasotec) Nursing Considerations

drug-lisinopril-prinivil

Lisinopril (Prinivil) Nursing Considerations

pharm-03-03-angiotensin-receptor-blockers

11.10 Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

11 – Antihypertensives

medmaster-pharmacology

Pharmacology for Nursing (MedMaster)

Alteplase (tPA, Activase) Nursing Considerations

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